Scientists have recently identified a significant new crater on the Moon, which is larger than the Roman Colosseum. This crater, named McGetchin, was formed by a rare impact event that occurred between April 11 and May 22, 2024. The findings were detailed in a study published on September 16 in the journal *Science Advances*.
Details of the Discovery
The crater measures approximately 728 feet across and 141 feet deep. Researchers suggest that the impact was likely caused by a fragment of an asteroid or comet, roughly the size of a three- to six-story building, striking the lunar surface. This type of large impact is statistically uncommon, occurring approximately once every 132 years, making this event a “once-in-a-lifetime observation,” as noted by the researchers.
Interestingly, the impact was not detected at the time it occurred. However, Robert Wagner, an image-processing specialist from Intuitive Machines, discovered the crater while analyzing images from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera on October 24, 2025. By comparing pre- and post-impact images, Wagner and other researchers were able to confirm that a new crater had formed, marking it as a notable change in the lunar landscape.
The study also reveals that the impact significantly disturbed a larger area than the crater itself, with surface changes detected extending over 1,000 times the crater’s radius. In addition to the crater’s formation, another study published in the same journal examined how the impact altered the physical and thermal properties of the surrounding lunar surface, identifying a “cold spot” approximately 4 miles wide around McGetchin. This area has been measured to be about 14 to 16 degrees Fahrenheit colder at night compared to nearby regions.
Researchers also found that the density of the lunar soil, or regolith, in the affected area has changed, which could affect future lunar missions. The alterations to the soil could influence how rover wheels navigate across disturbed terrain and provide insights into potential risks for future equipment and infrastructure on the lunar surface.
‘Understanding the extent of debris spread from such impacts is critical for planning future missions,’ NASA emphasized, noting the importance of this discovery for ongoing and upcoming lunar explorations.
Why It Matters
The discovery of McGetchin crater and the accompanying research underscore the dynamic nature of the lunar environment and increase our understanding of its geological history. This knowledge is vital for the success of future lunar missions, as it informs how astronauts and equipment interact with the Moon’s surface, ultimately contributing to the broader objectives of space exploration.
